Manufacturer: CSPC, Lvyuan
Energy metabolism and DNA synthesis: essential cofactor for glucose production, propionate utilization, methyl group transfer, cell division, and red blood cell maturation.
Reproduction and embryo survival: deficiency of vitamin B12 is associated with early pregnancy loss.
Deficiency symptoms: pernicious megaloblastic anemia (enlarged red blood cells), demyelination and irreversible nerve cell death, gizzard erosion and fatty infiltration of heart, liver, and kidneys in poultry; rough hair coat and dermatitis in swine; loss of appetite, weight decline, muscle wasting, coarse fur, thickened skin, and reproductive failure in ruminants.
Propionate metabolism in ruminants: serves as a growth factor for ruminal microorganisms and is essential for propionate production.
